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Annual Percentage Rate, or APR, essentially represents the annual total cost of borrowing. APR is not the exact same thing as interest rate, as APR includes the interest rate, along with any and all additional fees associated with borrowing.
Though they lack mortgage origination fees and other fees including closing costs associated with a home mortgage APR, credit cards will often include annual fees, late fees and other fees that can factor into Credit Card APR. Credit Card APRs are based entirely on a borrower’s creditworthiness, as indicated by the individual’s FICO credit score.
The stronger the FICO score, the lower the APR. When it comes to credit card APRs, there are several varieties including Purchase APR, Balance Transfer APR, Penalty APR and Cash Advance APR. Credit Card APRs vary significantly among these categories, and that’s before taking into account different credit card types and issuers.
Credit Card Interest Rate
Credit Card APR impacts the balance remaining on a credit card and the manner in which payment is allocated between principal and interest. The math beneath credit card APR can be a bit confusing, since APR is an annualized term, yet most credit cards calculate interest expense on a daily basis.
Many credit card companies employ various APR rates to different forms of credit. For example, as the names imply, Purchase APR applies to credit card purchases and Balance Transfer APR applies to balance transfers moved onto the card.
Penalty APR is applied to credit card accounts that become delinquent by sixty days or more, and is often as high as 29.9% – the maximum interest rate that banks are permitted to charge. Cash Advance APR gets applied to cash advances, and though usually not as high as 29.9%, it is often much higher than either Purchase APR or Balance Transfer APR.
How To Calculate Monthly Interest Expense Using Different APRs
For a given credit card, there may be multiple APRs (as described above) that accumulate varying amounts of interest expense within a specific billing cycle.
Let’s use an example of a credit card with a $10,000 balance that is split as follows: $5,000 is at the Purchase APR of 15%, $3,000 is at the Balance Transfer APR of 6%, and $2,000 is at the Cash Advance APR of 22%. In order to calculate interest expense for a billing cycle (we’ll use 30 days), the calculation goes as follows: Take the balance, multiply by the (APR/365 days) and multiply by the number of days in the billing cycle. Therefore –
Today's Credit Card APRs vs. Historical Credit Card APRs
In order to make the comparison between current credit card APRs and credit card APRs from previous years, it’s important to first recognize that there is no such thing as an “average credit card APR,” as they will vary by card type and issuer. There are, however, ranges and averages by type, as this chart from valuepenguin.com illustrates: (Note that these are Purchase APRs)
With credit card interest rates playing such a predominant role in credit card APR, an historical overview of credit card interest rates can serve as a basis for comparing historical credit card APRs.
Changes in credit card interest rates reflect changes in the overall economic environment and can help consumers decide whether they are getting a fair deal based on current values and historical trends.
Historical Credit Card APRs
The chart dates back to mid-2007 and is updated on a weekly basis. (Hover over any point on the chart to reveal data for a given time frame.)
This chart includes data on a variety of credit card types – including Airline, Balance Transfer, Business, Cash Back, Instant Approval, Low Interest Rate, Student, and Rewards Cards.
The chart reveals that during the time leading up to and including the financial crisis and its aftermath – ranging from late 2007 until late 2008 – credit card APRs dropped markedly before beginning a steady rise from late 2008 until March 2010.
The chart further reveals that for the period between March 2010 through December 2016, most credit card APRs remained relatively stable. However, beginning in January 2017 and stretching to the present time frame of March 2019, Credit Card APRs have risen steadily, with the National Average coming in at 17.6%.
This is significantly higher than the National Average low of 11.11% during April 2008 and the National Average Credit Card APR that remained relatively stable in the mid-14% to low 15% range that persisted from March 2010 through December 2016. Credit Card APRs, therefore, are now more or less at 12-year highs.