Debt Settlement vs Consolidation
Debt settlement and debt consolidation are debt-reduction strategies
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- Debt settlement and debt consolidation are debt-reduction strategies.
- They have different functions:
- Debt settlement usually reduces the total amount you owe.
- Consolidation combines all of your debts into one monthly payment.
How Does Debt Settlement Work?
- Usually only available for delinquent accounts with several months of missed payments.
- Debtors need to show an inability to pay the original amount.
- Certain debt savings from debt settlement are taxable.
- Step-by-step:
- A debtor negotiates with creditors to try and reduce the total amount owed.
- Successful negotiations result in a lower payoff amount.
- The new amount is documented in writing.
- The debtor sends a monthly payment to an escrow account.
- Once the account has enough money, the debtor usually pays it off in one lump sum.
- Why do creditors agree to a lower payoff amount?
- There’s a lower chance they’ll get the money back the longer a debt is unpaid.
- Creditors can cut their losses by offering a lower payment amount.
- Settlement helps lower the risk of a debtor filing bankruptcy and having debt discharged.
How Does Debt Consolidation Work?
- Good for people with lots of different unsecured debt.
- Combines multiple unsecured debts into one monthly payment.
- Consolidation can involve a Debt Management Plan (DMP):
- The debtor consults with an experienced credit counselor.
- The counselor gives actionable advice to control expenses.
- The debtor, credit counselor, and creditors create an agreement for debt repayment.
- The debtor pays one combined monthly payment to the counseling agency.
- The agency allocates funds from the monthly payment to individual creditors.
- Credit accounts are closed, which can hurt credit scores.
- A DMP appears on credit reports but does not hurt credit scores.
- Or a Debt Consolidation Loan (DCL):
- The debtor takes out a new loan.
- The new credit account often has lower interest rates or payment amounts.
- Funds from the DCL are used to pay off all existing unsecured debt.
- A DCL allows a debtor to focus on one streamlined monthly payment with one creditor.
- Consolidation loans aren’t taxable.
Which One is Right for You?
- Debt settlement could be a good fit if you are financially unable to pay back debts.
- Debt consolidation could be best if you want to simplify multiple payments.